Hypoallergenic Dogs

Dog Allergies: Symptoms and Treatment

Have you heard someone tell you that their dog has allergies? Has your veterinarian suggested that allergies could be a problem for your dog? Do you suspect that your dog has allergies? If so, then you’ve probably realized that allergies in dogs are not quite as simple as we might wish. For starters, there are several different types of allergies that could be causing your dog’s symptoms.

Allergies are a misguided reaction to foreign substances by the body’s immune system, which, of course, people and pets can suffer from. There are quite a few different types of allergies in dogs. Skin allergies, food allergies, and environmental allergens all pose challenges for dogs and their owners, and to make things more complicated, the symptoms of all these different types of allergies can overlap.

Skin Allergies

Skin allergies, called allergic dermatitis, are the most common type of allergic reactions in dogs. There are three main causes of skin allergies in dogs:

1. Flea allergy dermatitis
2. Food allergies
3. Environmental allergens

Flea allergy dermatitis is an allergic reaction to fleabites. Some dogs are allergic to flea saliva. This makes affected dogs extremely itchy, especially at the base of the tail, and their skin may become red, inflamed, and scabbed. You may also notice s of fleas, such as flea dirt, or even see the fleas themselves.

Food allergies and sensitivities can cause itchy skin, as well. The most common places dogs with food allergies itch are their ears and their paws, and this may be accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms.

Environmental allergens, such as dust, pollen, and mold, can cause an atopic allergic reactions or atopic dermatitis. In most cases, these allergies are seasonal, so you may only notice your dog itching during certain s of the year. As with food allergies, the most commonly affected areas are the paws and ears (but also include the wrists, ankles, muzzle, underarms, groin, around the eyes, and in between the toes).

All skin allergies pose the risk of secondary infection. As your dog scratches, bites, and licks at his skin, he risks opening up his skin to yeast and bacterial infections that may require treatment.

Food Allergies

True food allergies may not be as common as people think, according to AKC Chief Veterinary Officer Dr. Jerry Klein. True food allergies result in an immune response, which can range in symptoms from skin conditions (hives, facial swelling, itchiness), gastrointestinal s (vomiting and/or diarrhea) or a combination of both. In some rare cases, a severe reaction resulting in anaphylaxis can occur-similar to severe peanut allergies in humans

But what all of those dogs that are on special hypoallergenic dog food diets?

What most people mean when they say that their dog has a food allergy is that their dog has a food sensitivity, also known as a food intolerance. Food sensitivities, unlike true allergies, do not involve an immune response and are instead a gradual reaction to an offending ingredient in your dog’s food, for example to beef, chicken, eggs, corn, wheat, soy, or milk.

Dogs with food sensitivities can present with several symptoms, including gastrointestinal s such as vomiting and diarrhea, or dermatologic s like itchiness, poor skin and coat, and chronic ear or foot infections.

The best way to diagnose and treat a food allergy is to work with your veterinarian to manage your dog’s symptoms and discover the ingredient causing the reaction.

Acute Allergic Reactions

Perhaps the most alarming of all the types of allergies in dogs is an acute allergic reaction. Dogs, like people, can go into anaphylactic shock if they have a severe reaction to an allergen. This can be fatal if not treated.

Bee stings and vaccine reactions, among other things, can cause an anaphylactic response in some dogs, which is why it is always a good idea to keep a close eye on your dog following the administration of any new vaccine, drug, or food item. Luckily, anaphylactic reactions are rare in dogs.

Your dog may also develop hives or facial swelling in response to an allergen. Swelling of the face, throat, lips, eyelids, or earflaps may look serious, but is rarely fatal, and your veterinarian can treat it with an antihistamine.

Symptoms of Allergies in Dogs

The symptoms of allergies in dogs may vary depending on the cause. A dog that goes into anaphylactic shock, for instance, will have a drop in blood pressure followed by shock, which is very different from a skin condition.

In general, however, the following symptoms could be a of an allergic reaction.

• Itchiness
• Hives
• Swelling of the face, ears, lips, eyelids, or earflaps
• Red, inflamed skin
• Diarrhea
• Vomiting
• Sneezing
• Itchy ears
• Chronic ear infections
• Itchy, runny eyes
• Constant licking

Some of these symptoms could also be a of another condition. Make an appointment with your veterinarian to get an accurate diagnosis and to help your dog start feeling better.

Diagnosing Allergies in Dogs

If you have ever undergone allergy testing, then you know that diagnosing allergies is often complicated.

The first thing your veterinarian may choose to do is rule out any other condition that could be causing your dog’s symptoms. If your veterinarian feels that an allergy is a likely cause, he or she may propose allergy testing to try and determine the cause of the allergen that is causing the reaction. However, keep in mind it may not always be possible to determine the cause of an allergy with testing.

Food allergies are often diagnosed using an elimination diet. A food trial consists of feeding a dog a novel (i.e. one) source of protein and carbohydrate for 12 weeks.

Flea allergy dermatitis is typically the easiest allergy to diagnose. It is usually diagnosed by identifying fleas on your dog’s body and applying a product that kills fleas before they can bite to see if that solves the issues.

Treating Allergies in Dogs

The best way to treat an allergy is avoidance of the cause and allergen. This may or may not always be possible. But, in terms of treatment, it depends on your dog’s type of allergy. For example, the best way to treat flea allergy dermatitis is to kill the fleas, whereas the best way to treat a food allergy or food intolerance is a change in diet.

In addition to any lifestyle changes that might be necessary, your veterinarian may also prescribe an allergy relief medication for your dog that will help control the s associated with the allergic reaction, such as itching and any secondary skin infections that might have developed as a result of the irritant.

If your dog has a severe allergic reaction, your best course of action is to get him to an emergency veterinary hospital as quickly as possible.

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Which Dogs Are Hypoallergenic? These Breeds Come Close

So, you want a dog but you seem to have an allergy attack whenever you’re around one? You’re not alone! According to the American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, as much as 10% of the population in the U.S. is allergic to dogs, causing many prospective owners to wonder: which dogs are hypoallergenic? While no dog is 100% hypoallergenic, it’s possible to find less-allergenic dog breeds that are better suited for allergy-sufferers. These dogs have a predictable, non-shedding coat that produces less dander. Dander, which clings to pet hair, is what causes most pet allergies in people. Even though dogs that are hypoallergenic don’t truly exist, many breeds make it possible to enjoy the companionship of a dog, even if you suffer from allergies.

There are also ways to prepare your home to help keep allergens at bay when you have a dog. Be sure to wash your pet’s bed often, keep up with his grooming, and don’t let him sleep on your bed. It’s also helpful to remove heavy carpets and drapes that can trap dander. Vacuum cleaners for pet hair also help remove allergens, and some can even groom the hair and dander right from your dog.

Best Breeds for Allergy Sufferers

Afghan Hound

Afghan Hounds are known for being aloof and dignified. They require regular exercise and grooming. They should be bathed and brushed twice a week.

American Hairless Terrier

The American Hairless Terrier is a lively, friendly, and intelligent companion. The breed does well with children and is also good for city dwellers due to their minimal exercise needs — regular walks and indoor play will do. They also need regular bathing and nail trimming.

Bedlington Terrier

The gentle, loveable Bedlington Terrier is known for its curly, wooly coat that resembles a lamb’s. The breed doesn’t need intense exercise — regular play and daily walks will do.

Bichon Frise

The Bichon Frise is a naturally gentle, happy, playful dog that loves activity. The Bichon’s hair continually grows and doesn’t shed, so regular grooming is important to prevent mats.

Chinese Crested

The Chinese Crested is an alert, playful dog that thrives on human companionship. They are small and do well in families with gentle children. Cresteds shed little to no hair.

Coton de Tulear

The Coton de Tulear is a small, hardy dog that is happy, eager to please, and loyal. The breed gets along well with other dogs and children. Their long coat requires daily grooming.

Giant Schnauzer

The Giant Schnauzer is intelligent and can be territorial, naturally feeling protective of its family. The breed needs a lot of exercise and loves having a job to do. They require regular grooming.

Irish Water Spaniel

This strong, intelligent breed is the clown of the spaniel family. Irish Water Spaniels are active and energetic, needing daily exercise. Their water-repellant double coat requires brushing every few weeks.

Kerry Blue Terrier

The Kerry Blue Terrier is energetic and fun-loving. The breed enjoys being part of an active family that can provide daily exercise. Their coats need regular brushing and trimming.

Lagotto Romagnolo

The Lagotto Romagnolo is a happy dog with tons of energy, needing plenty of activity. They are affectionate and devoted to their owners. Their thick curly coat is similar to that of a Poodle. They require trimming and regular brushing to prevent mats.

Maltese

Though small, the Maltese is known for being brave, playful, and fearless. They have long, silky white hair that needs to be brushed daily to prevent mats.

Miniature Schnauzer

The Miniature Schnauzer has a natural protective nature that makes it a great watchdog. The breed is smart and cheerful, and adapts well to different living environments. Their double coat requires clipping.

Peruvian Inca Orchid (Hairless)

The Peruvian Inca Orchid can be hairless or coated — the hairless variety does well with allergy sufferers. They also come in three different sizes small, medium, and large. The breed is loyal and protective of its family. They also have a great deal of energy, needing regular activity. They have minimal grooming needs.

Poodle

The Poodle comes in three size varieties — Standard, Miniature, and Toy. The breed is exceptionally smart and active, needing daily exercise. Their trademark coat requires regular professional grooming.

Portuguese Water Dog

An athletic breed, the Portuguese Water Dog needs vigorous daily exercise and would do best with a very active family. PWDs are intelligent, loyal workers. Their waterproof coat requires regular maintenance.

Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier

This happy dog is active and needs plenty of exercise daily. The breed adapts well to city, country, or suburban living, and does well with children. They have a silky, soft coat that needs regular grooming to prevent mats.

Spanish Water Dog

The Spanish Water Dog is a lively, hardworking dog with natural protective instincts. They are a high energy breed that does best with an active family. They require little grooming for their curly, wooly coat. No brushing is needed, but at least once a year they should be shaved down.

Standard Schnauzer

The Standard Schnauzer is a sociable, affectionate breed that has a fondness for kids. They are athletic dogs that need daily exercise. Their beard and leg hair should be brushed often to prevent mats.

Xoloitzcuintli

The Xoloitzcuintli comes in three sizes — toy, miniature, and standard. They also come in two varieties — hairless and coated. The hairless has a smooth, tough, protective skin and the coated has a short, flat coat. They’re calm, tranquil, and attentive, and can also be aloof. They have moderate exercise and grooming needs.

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«Гипоаллергенные» собаки или собаки для аллергиков

Часто бывает, что человек, всю жизнь мечтающий о собаке, не может ее завести по одной простой причине — животное вызывает такие приступы аллергии, что уже невозможно наслаждаться общением с четвероногим другом. Безусловно, аллергия на собак бывает разной степени. И в случае тяжелого заболевания эксперименты с собственным здоровьем могут закончиться весьма плачевно. Однако в большинстве случаев можно снизить риск возникновения аллергии или даже вовсе избежать этой опасности, просто выбрав подходящую породу.

На самом деле, конечно, не существует идеальных и абсолютно гипоаллергенных пород. Речь идет о том, что некоторые породы более подходят людям, страдающим аллергией в силу своих особенностей. При этом речь идет о здоровых животных. Если у животного кожное или иное заболевание, оно вполне может вызвать аллергию, даже если относится к «гипоаллергенной» породе. Основными источниками аллергии являются белки, которые найдены в слюне и выделениях кожи перхоти животных (перхоть, шелушение). Поэтому аллергическая реакция людей может быть разной на разные породы собак.

Также собаки, которые не линяют или мало линяют, более предпочтительны для аллергиков, т.к. ни частички слюны, ни перхоть, не попадают в окружающую среду, а оседают на шерсти животного. Отсутствие шерсти у животного (как, например, у китайских хохлатых) — не гарантия полной гипоаллергенности, ведь аллергия в основном возникает, как мы уже поняли, на протеины. «Даже если вы заведете лысую собаку, она все еще будет производить аллергены», — говорит доктор Ванда Фипатанакул, член комитета аллергии Американской Академии Аллергии, астмы и Иммунологии.

РОКОВОЕ ЗАБЛУЖДЕНИЕ ОБ АЛЛЕРГИИ НА СОБАК

В народе бытует мнение, что аллергия возникает на шерсть собак, а, следовательно, чем собака

«волосатей», тем больше на нее аллергия. Как правило, люди с таким убеждением стараются выбирать гладкошерстные/короткошерстные породы собак (таксы, доберманы, пинчеры, амстаффы и т.п.), полагая, что раз шерсти мало, то и линяет такая собака мало и уж аллергии на нее не будет точно. И с ужасом обнаруживают через некоторое время, что их дом полон «мелких иголок» шерсти, которые осыпаются с собаки. Действительно, короткошерстные породы линяют круглогодично и ежедневно. Каждый день с них осыпаются отмершие волосы, что, согласитесь, не лучший вариант для аллергика. Дабы избежать этой ежедневной линьки собаку надо, соответственно, ежедневно вычесывать специальной щеткой.

Тогда как некоторые очень длинношерстные породы (ши-тцу, йоркширские терьеры, мальтезе, комондоры) не линяют вовсе. Шерсть с собак этих пород не осыпается, а отмершие волосы отделяются только во время вычесывания.

В противном случае они сваливаются в колтуны (или дреды, как у комондоров). Вторым оптимальным вариантом являются жесткошерстные породы (все виды шнауцеров, жесткошерстные терьеры), т.к. у них отмершие волосы отделяются во время тримминга (выщипывания). Если собаку регулярно тримминговать (хотя бы 4 раза в год), то проблем с шерстью по всему дому также не будет. И, конечно, прекрасным образцом собак с шерстью «без линьки» являются все виды пуделей.

СЛЮНЬКИ ПОТЕКЛИ

Как мы уже поняли, второй опасный аллерген — слюна собаки. Здесь, казалось бы все просто. Достаточно исключить из списка потенциальных питомцев собак с брылями и повышенным слюноотделением. Как правило, это молоссы (фила, мастино наполитано, бордосские доги и т.п.). Но слюна попадает в окружающую среду не только стекая с брылей собаки, а еще и во время лая. Поэтому молчаливый английский бульдог может оказаться менее аллергенным, чем безудержно лающая немецкая овчарка.

ЧРЕЗМЕРНАЯ «ГОВОРЛИВОСТЬ»

Чрезмерная «говорливость» питомца повышает уровень аллергенов, т.к. слюна и перхоть так и норовят разлететься во все стороны при безудержном лае. Поэтому некоторые породы, особенно мелкие, не могут быть рекомендованы для людей страдающих аллергией, именно из-за постоянного гавканья. Предпочтительней будет небольшая собака с уравновешенным темпераментом. Выбирая породу, прогуляйтесь на ближайшую выставку собак и понаблюдайте, у каких рингов стоит гробовая тишина, а где приходиться буквально затыкать уши руками.

ЭФФЕКТ РАЗМЕРА

Размер — еще один немаловажный фактор при выборе собаки для аллергика. Логично, что чем меньше поверхность тела собаки, тем меньше аллергенов она производит. Кроме того, маленькую собаку проще вымыть, в т.ч. после прогулки, ведь общаясь с сородичами, питомец может приносить в дом их «аллергены» на своей шерсти. Кроме того, имеет значение и размер вашего жилья. Если вы проживаете в малогабаритной квартире, то аллергены будут скапливаться более концентрировано, следовательно, стоит выбрать миниатюрную собаку. Если же вы проживаете в большом доме с участком, можно обратить свой взор и на крупные породы.

ЧИСТОТА — ЗАЛОГ ЗДОРОВЬЯ

Исследователи выяснили, что собаки, которых довольно часто моют, вызывают меньше аллергии, чем собаки, которые не моются или моются от случая к случаю. Купание собаки один — два раза в неделю минимизирует или даже исключает аллергическую реакцию на животное. Также снизит вероятность аллергических реакций частая уборка дома, ведь выделяемые аллергены — слюна, моча и перхоть (шелушение) с кожи оседают на предметах и полу. Разумеется, в случае аллергии не следует разрешать питомцу спать в вашей постели или даже вообще заходить в спальню. В качестве особых мер предосторожности можно запретить собаке забираться на диваны и кресла и лежать на коврах или паласах, если они имеются в доме. Не лишним будет поставить в доме воздухоочиститель с фильтрами HEPA, которые улавливают мельчайшие частички.

СПИСОК ПОРОД, НАИБОЛЕЕ ПОДХОДЯЩИХ АЛЛЕРГИКАМ

Текст — Ольга Майорова

фото — Дарья Пушкарева, idmn

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